In recent years, nanotechnological improvements are promising for the future. Nanoscience and nanotechnology have various applications and improvements notably for computer, electronic, textile and drug industry. Moreover, of high importance are the applications of these technologies for the agricultural and food engineering areas. Actually, the most important point, in the improvement of nanotechnology is the multidisciplinary study of all these sciences. The improvement of nanotechnology in the food industry is slower owing to the fact that foods are complex materials. Despite this fact, this technology has important area of uses in the food industry. Using of nanomaterials and nanodevices important improvements were recorded. Among the food chain, nanotechnology has a bright role in four major areas. These areas, where nanotechnology can be present and important are: food processing at nano- and microscale; developing of novel functional food materials; transport of bioactive materials and their smart release system and improving shelf life by developing new food packaging products. So, at this point, engineering applications and developing these applications are very important for nanotechnology. However, it should be remembered that nanoparticles created with nanotechnology applications, which have opened a whole new universe in the food industry, can form toxic compounds so human health can be adversely affected.